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WSL 全流程安装与管理教程（详细版）","w-i-n-d-o-w-s-w-s-l-an-zhuang-yu-shi-yong-jiao-cheng","https:\u002F\u002Fmjblog.res.ziyowl.com\u002F2026\u002F04\u002F27\u002F1777304700742-egbj82f8.jpg","Windows Subsystem for Linux（WSL）为 Windows 用户提供了一个完整的 Linux 开发环境，无需虚拟机或双系统。本文从零开始，详细讲解 WSL 的安装与配置，包括如何安装 WSL 与 Linux 发行版、实现 Windows 与 Linux 之间的文件互通、安装 SSH 并进行远程管理，以及查询 WSL 的 IP 地址等实用技巧。通过掌握这些操作，你可以在 Windows 上高效管理 Linux 系统，轻松进行开发、运维与学习。","\u003Cp>Windows Subsystem for Linux（WSL）是 Windows 上的 Linux 子系统，允许你在 Windows 上运行完整 Linux 环境，无需虚拟机或双系统。本文将带你从零开始，详细讲解 WSL 的安装、Linux 系统安装、文件管理、SSH 远程管理及网络查询，帮助你高效使用 WSL。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Chr \u002F>\n\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>1️⃣ 检查系统环境\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Windows 版本\u003C\u002Fstrong>：Windows 10 2004 或更高版本，推荐 Windows 11。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>开启虚拟化技术\u003C\u002Fstrong>：\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>打开 \u003Cstrong>任务管理器\u003C\u002Fstrong> → \u003Cstrong>性能\u003C\u002Fstrong> → \u003Cstrong>CPU\u003C\u002Fstrong> → 查看“虚拟化”是否已启用。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>若未启用，请在 BIOS\u002FUEFI 设置中开启 Intel VT-x 或 AMD-V。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>以管理员身份运行 PowerShell\u003C\u002Fstrong>：确保后续命令可成功执行。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Chr \u002F>\n\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>2️⃣ 安装 WSL\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>2.1 使用命令安装 WSL\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>打开 PowerShell（管理员权限）：\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-powershell\">wsl --install\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>默认会安装 \u003Cstrong>WSL2\u003C\u002Fstrong> 和最新的 Ubuntu 系统。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>如果提示已安装 WSL，可以跳过此步骤。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>查看已安装 WSL 版本：\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-powershell\">wsl -l -v\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Cp>示例输出：\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode>  NAME      STATE           VERSION\n* Ubuntu    Running         2\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>VERSION 2\u003C\u002Fstrong> 表示当前为 WSL2。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>2.2 设置默认 WSL 版本为 2\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>如果默认安装的是 WSL1，可手动设置为 WSL2：\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-powershell\">wsl --set-version Ubuntu 2\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Cp>设置默认 WSL 版本（新安装的 Linux 自动使用 WSL2）：\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-powershell\">wsl --set-default-version 2\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Chr \u002F>\n\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>3️⃣ 安装其他 Linux 发行版\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>WSL 支持多个 Linux 发行版，如 Debian、Kali、openSUSE 等。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>查看可用发行版：\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-powershell\">wsl --list --online\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Cp>输出示例：\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode>NAME\nUbuntu-20.04\nDebian\nKali-Linux\nopenSUSE-42\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>安装指定发行版：\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-powershell\">wsl --install -d Debian\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>设置默认发行版：\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-powershell\">wsl --set-default Debian\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>启动发行版：\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-powershell\">wsl -d Debian\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>首次启动会提示创建 \u003Cstrong>Linux 用户名和密码\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>完成后，你就进入了完整的 Linux 命令行环境。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Chr \u002F>\n\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>4️⃣ 更新 Linux 系统与安装常用工具\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>进入 WSL 后，建议先更新系统和安装一些常用工具：\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-bash\"># 更新软件包列表\nsudo apt update\n\n# 更新系统\nsudo apt upgrade -y\n\n# 安装常用工具\nsudo apt install -y build-essential curl wget unzip htop vim nano net-tools\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>build-essential\u003C\u002Fcode>：编译工具集\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>curl\u003C\u002Fcode>、\u003Ccode>wget\u003C\u002Fcode>：网络下载工具\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>htop\u003C\u002Fcode>：系统资源监控\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>vim\u003C\u002Fcode>、\u003Ccode>nano\u003C\u002Fcode>：文本编辑器\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>net-tools\u003C\u002Fcode>：包含 ifconfig、netstat 等网络工具\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Chr \u002F>\n\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>5️⃣ Windows 与 Linux 文件互通\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>WSL 可以直接访问 Windows 文件，同时 Windows 也可以访问 Linux 文件。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>5.1 在 Linux 中访问 Windows 文件\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>Windows 驱动器在 WSL 中挂载在 \u003Ccode>\u002Fmnt\u003C\u002Fcode> 下：\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-bash\"># 访问 C 盘\ncd \u002Fmnt\u002Fc\n\n# 查看文件\nls\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>5.2 在 Windows 中访问 Linux 文件\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>打开文件资源管理器。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>在地址栏输入：\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode>\\\\wsl$\\Ubuntu\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>其中 \u003Ccode>Ubuntu\u003C\u002Fcode> 是你的发行版名称。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>可以直接浏览 Linux 文件系统，进行复制、编辑操作。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>5.3 使用 VSCode 编辑 Linux 文件\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-bash\"># 在 WSL 中安装 VSCode Remote 扩展\ncode .\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>直接打开 WSL 目录进行开发，避免文件同步问题。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Chr \u002F>\n\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>6️⃣ 安装 SSH 服务\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>SSH 可以让你通过 Windows 或其他电脑远程管理 WSL。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>6.1 安装 OpenSSH\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-bash\">sudo apt install -y openssh-server\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>6.2 启动 SSH 服务\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-bash\">sudo service ssh start\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>6.3 设置开机自启\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-bash\">sudo systemctl enable ssh\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Ch3>\u003Cstrong>6.4 配置防火墙（可选）\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-bash\">sudo ufw allow ssh\nsudo ufw enable\nsudo ufw status\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Chr \u002F>\n\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>7️⃣ 查询 WSL IP 地址\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>有时需要通过 SSH 或其他工具访问 WSL。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-bash\"># 查看网络配置\nip addr show\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>WSL2 默认使用虚拟网络，Windows 和 WSL 虽在同一台机器，但 IP 是虚拟的。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>获取 WSL2 IP 示例：\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-bash\">hostname -I\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>在 Windows 中 ping WSL：\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-powershell\">ping &lt;WSL_IP&gt;\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>建议将 WSL IP 配合 Windows hosts 文件或者通过 SSH 配置端口转发访问。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Chr \u002F>\n\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>8️⃣ 使用 SSH 管理 WSL\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>在 Windows 安装 OpenSSH 客户端（可选 Windows 10\u002F11 默认包含）。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>使用命令连接 WSL：\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-powershell\">ssh username@&lt;WSL_IP&gt;\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>输入你在 Linux 创建的用户名和密码。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>远程执行命令：\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-powershell\">ssh username@&lt;WSL_IP&gt; &#39;ls -la \u002Fhome\u002Fusername&#39;\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Chr \u002F>\n\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>9️⃣ WSL 常用命令汇总\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Cth>命令\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003Cth>功能\u003C\u002Fth>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>wsl -l -v\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>查看已安装发行版及版本\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>wsl -d \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>启动指定发行版\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>wsl --set-version  2\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>设置 WSL2\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>wsl --shutdown\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>关闭所有 WSL2 实例\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>explorer.exe .\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>打开当前 WSL 目录到 Windows\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>sudo service start\u002Fstop\u002Frestart ssh\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>管理 SSH 服务\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Chr \u002F>\n\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>🔟 开发与使用建议\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>开发文件\u003C\u002Fstrong>：建议在 Windows 上编辑，WSL 上运行。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>文件路径\u003C\u002Fstrong>：避免在 WSL 内直接编辑 \u003Ccode>\u002Fmnt\u002Fc\u002F...\u003C\u002Fcode> 下大文件，以提高性能。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>端口访问\u003C\u002Fstrong>：WSL2 虚拟网络和 Windows 通信通过 localhost 或 WSL IP。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>备份\u003C\u002Fstrong>：WSL 文件可通过 \u003Ccode>tar\u003C\u002Fcode> 或导出功能：\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-powershell\">wsl --export Ubuntu ubuntu_backup.tar\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Chr \u002F>\n\u003Ch2>✅ 总结\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>本文详细介绍了 WSL 的安装、Linux 系统安装、Windows 与 Linux 文件互通、SSH 管理以及 IP 查询方法。通过掌握这些基础，你可以轻松在 Windows 上运行完整 Linux 环境，进行开发、测试及远程管理，充分发挥 WSL 的便利与高效。\u003C\u002Fp>\n","markdown",73,"published","APPROVED","2026-04-27T16:07:44.128Z","2026-04-27T16:08:02.593Z","2026-04-27T11:49:24.868Z",{"id":60,"name":148},{"id":42,"username":193,"nickname":194,"avatar":99,"gender":195},"admin","小米酒","MALE",{"comments":112,"resources":112},[198],{"name":199,"slug":200,"color":201},"WSL","w-s-l","#6366f1",{},{"total":141,"published":141,"draft":112,"totalViews":204},348,12]